How Sports Attacks Public Education

It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men." - Frederick Douglass

 

On Thursday, I was proud to take part in a student walkout at the University of Maryland in defense of public education. It was just one link in a National Day of Action that saw protests in more than 32 states across the country. I am not a student, and haven't been since those innocent days when Monica Lewinsky mattered, but I was asked to come speak at a post walkout teach-in about the way sports is used to attack public education. It might sound like a bizarre topic, but it's the world that students see every day.

At the University of Maryland, as tuition has been hiked and classes cut, football coach Ralph Friedgen makes a base salary of 1.75 million bucks, which would be outrageous even if the team weren't two-steps past terrible. Friedgen also gets perks like a $50,000 bonus if none of his players are arrested during the course of the season.

Ground zero of the student protest movement is the University of California at Berkeley. Over at Berkeley, students are facing 32% tuition hikes, while the school pays football coach Jeff Tedford 2.8 million dollars a year and is finishing more than 400 million in renovations on the football stadium. This is what students see: boosters and alumni come first, while they've been instructed to cheer their teams, pay their loans, and mind their business.

The counterargument is that college athletic departments fund themselves and actually put money back into a school's general fund. This is simply not true. The October Knight Commission report of college presidents stated that the 25 top football schools had revenues on average of $3.9 million in 2008. The other 94 ran deficits averaging $9.9 million. When athletic departments run deficits, it's not like the football coach takes a pay cut. In other words, if the team is doing well, the entire school benefits. If the football team suffers, the entire school suffers. This, to put it mildly, is financial lunacy. A school would statistically be better off if it took its endowment to Vegas and just bet it all on black.

If state colleges are hurting, your typical urban public school is in a world of pain with budgets slashed to the bone. Politicians act like these are problems beyond their control like the weather. ("50% chance of sun and a 40% chance of losing music programs.")

In truth, they are the result of a comprehensive attack on public education that has seen the system starved. One way this has been implemented is through stadium construction, the grand substitute for anything resembling an urban policy in this country. Over the last generation, we've seen 30 billion in public funds spent on stadiums. They were presented as photogenic solutions to deindustrialization, declining tax bases, and suburban flight. The results are now in and they don't look good for the home teams. University of Maryland sports economists Dennis Coates and University of Alberta Brad R. Humphreys studied stadium funding over 30 years and failed to find one solitary example of a sports franchise lifting or even stabilizing a local economy. They concluded the opposite: "a reduction in real per capita income over the entire metropolitan area....Our conclusion, and that of nearly all academic economists studying this issue, is that professional sports generally have little, if any, positive effect on a city's economy." These projects achieve so little because the jobs created are low wage, service sector, seasonal employment. Instead of being solutions of urban decay, the stadiums have been tools of organized theft: sporting shock doctrines for our ailing cities.

With crumbling schools, higher tuitions, and an Education Secretary in Arne Duncan who seems more obsessed with providing extra money for schools that break their teachers unions, it's no wonder that the anger is starting to boil over. It can also bubble up in unpredictable ways. On Wednesday night, after the University of Maryland men's basketball team beat hated arch-rival Duke, students were arrested after pouring into the streets surrounding the campus. In years past, these sporting riots have been testosterone run amok, frat parties of burning mattresses and excessive inebriation. This year it was different, with police needing to use pepper spray and horses to quell the 1,500 students who filled Route 1. In response, students chanted, "Defense! Defense!" At the Thursday teach in, I said to the students that I didn't think there was anything particularly political or interesting about a college sports riot. One person shot his hand up and said, "It wasn't a riot until the cops showed up." Everyone proceeded to applaud. I was surprised at first that these politically minded students would be defending a post-game melee, but no longer. The anger is real and it isn't going anywhere. While schools are paying football coaches millions and revamping stadiums, students are choosing between dropping out or living with decades of debt. One thing is certain: it aint a game.

 

[Dave Zirin is the author of the forthcoming “Bad Sports: How Owners are Ruining the Games we Love” (Scribner) Receive his column every week by emailing dave@edgeofsports.com. Contact him at edgeofsports@gmail.com.]

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thank you for shedding light on this important issue

I am currently a high school senior. We all know that athletics come before academics, but we accept it because we don't get shafted too bad. However, what is happening at these universities is absolutely abominable. universities are institutions of higher learning, not corporations. Even if college sports paid for themselves (which they don't), that's not the point!!!!!!!!!! academics should ALWAYS ALWAYS ALWAYS come first at that level. College should prepare students for the workforce, but by focusing on athletics you are only achieving that stated goal for less than 1% of the students since so few go pro.

Many of my friends at Arizona State University have seen 11% tax hikes, and I basically pulled out my applications for UCLA and Berkeley because of the gross tuition hikes. What colleges fail to understand is that 99% of student athletes do not go on to play professionally. Those athletes are depending on their education for their living, yet they are getting screwed over because colleges hold them to loose academic standards, let them get away with whatever they want, and continually reduce academic funding to finance sports upgrades from which almost all of the student athletes won't benefit in 5 years anyway!!!!

Finally, I am sick of hearing this bullshit argument that athletics can be used to fund academic advances. Forget the fact that colleges should not even be using this model as they are institutions of higher education, not higher athletics and then education. Forget the fact that many athletic programs are actually hemorraghing dollar bills and not fulfilling this promise. forget al lthat. The truth is that all the profits made from profit sports are pretty much used to simply fund more academic advances!!! Just look at texas (one of the schools turning a profit): mack brown won a bunch of games and presumably generated a bunch of money, but that money didn't go to fund more academic upgrades; it was used to expand his already bloated salary and put more resources into football!!!

if it sounds like i'm angry now then it is because I am. Fortunately most of the schools to which I have applied and would seriously consider attending were I to get acceptance (Stanford is the only exception) are small schools that are strictly academics-first and could care less how much money is made by the athletic departments. However, I am still bothered that so many others who see state universities as an effective, cost-efficient way for education get screwed over by greedy athletic departments. I always have loved and always will love sports, but many times I wish our society and culture as a whole put more emphasis on academics and less on athletics.

shameless blog pitch

by the way, i forgot to mention it in my last comment, but when you are done reading Mr. Zirin's fabulous writing head over to my blog www.arjun-allthingssports.blogspot.com. thanks!

correction to previous post

I wrote "The truth is that all the profits made from profit sports are pretty much used to simply fund more academic advances!!!"

i meant athletic, not academic advances.

@Arjun

One sad fact that I've learned from spending far too much time in academia in the states is that universities are corporations first and foremost and that education is largely seen as a necessary evil. This is coming from experience at both a DIII private university and a DI state university, and it's unrelated to athletics.

The cold fact of the matter is that educating students costs money, and revenues are fairly similar regardless of the quality of education provided. Most of a top university's income will come from: Alumni giving, financial investments, research grants.

If a professor has the choice between spending more time educating students and going after big grant money, guess which one the university wants. If a professor's grad student has a choice between spending more time helping the students he TAs and doing the research that is justifying that big grant money, guess which one his professor wants. The grad students who then go on to become professors themselves will have had little to no formal training in actually educating students-- they have been largely prepared to do research that will attract grants and get published. Good professors and TAs are much more of an accident than a product of the system, so when you find them, make sure you appreciate it.

Dave: about the study that you mentioned showing losses from the football programs-- did those losses factor in alumni donations? The theory I often heard bandied about was that alumni giving went way up for a winning football team or a new stadium, so even if there were losses on equipment compared with the ticket sales, it could still be a net win from the university's perspective.

It's Revolting

I agree with DZ that tuition increases have far surpassed the inflation rate for eternity. Where I have issues is the false dichotomy between coaches' salaries and the funding of state universities. A better solution is to remove the university from the sporting business. Huge amounts of money are spent on Division I sports to train athletes(a lot of them are not students) for their professional careers. Let the professional leagues bankroll their own minor leagues and let the colleges educate.

Sports should be part of the student's curriculum. It should not be the sole reason why the student goes to college. Alas even if this occurs I don't think it will dramatically alter the education problem, but that's for a future DZ column.

Thank you, Dave!

EXCELLENT ARTICLE, THANK YOU, DAVE!! Reminds me of how we never see an Academics section of the newspaper but the Sports section is big as life. Only at graduation do we see any accolades given to the students who are diligent about their studies and whose main focus is on their education. Music and art departments as well as academic scholarships suffer severe cutbacks while the main focus seems to be on making sure the quarterbacks and centers don't flunk out of school. Save the athletic department at all cost - correction, save the money making sports teams. Have you ever seen the debate team traveling on a luxury bus??

other side of the coin

Don't better performing football (and other) teams increase applications? Is that factored into the revenue?

I would also say that cheering on a high-power football team is one of the most fun things to do in college and it brings the school together in a unique and valuable way. Those are attributes that aren't necessarily measured economically.

Some of this stuff came up last year when Jim Calhoun was questioned about his salary. He responded with the argument that UConn basketball makes money and that he has donated money for academic buildings and programs. Where do you weigh in on that debate?

I agree with much of this article and I would add that another huge problem with college sports is how they manipulate the players and get slave-labor for the industry that is university athletics.

it's time

Yeah, it's time for the collegiate/Pro sector to either consider building official semi-pro leagues or require the current "unofficial" version to increase its share of funds that goes to the university. Nothing wrong with college sports, but when all that money goes to so few hands or doesn't exactly benefit the academic community, focus has been lost.

Arne Duncan and education

Arne Duncan is not all wrong. I am a teacher and a union member. I am pro-union. However, too often unions are rigid and do not consider the students. In the school districts in which I have worked there were individual class size limits rather than a limit on student contacts per day. That meant pre-algebra classes had the same number of students as advanced placement calculus. This was an absurd situation because the lower performing students needed much more individual attention than those in higher level classes.

Ask any high school math teacher if they would be willing to have 35-40 students in honors classes if that meant having 20 students in pre-algebra.

college sports

There is now a spate of evidence (summerized bt Atul Gawande in The New Yorker) pointing to serious brain damage to football players. If, after death, the brains sre sectioned an examined, they are frighteningly like those of Alzheimer's patients. How many colleges and universities have cut out football as a result of this persuasive evidense? None.

Sports

All "sports as spectacle" is ironically most effective in keeping the populace's eye off the ball. Panem et circences.

education and money

The story really did not hit on education persay but money spent on sports. I made the same argument last night when talking about the SWAC spending money to have there games elsewhere and not in the back yard of the school. Also mentioned was the fact that you make money on baskeball not football. THe only game in the SWAC that makes any type of money is the Bayou Classic at the Superdome. The only schools that make money off football is those top tier schools that have tv and shoe deals. Its a big myth that football brings money.

hope after all

well said, Dave and its great to see that American youth are not the passive,apathetic 'lost generation' that they are always protrayed as in movies and that there things that young people are out there fighting for. 21st century youth have a purpose afterall!
Its a great inspiration to us everyone who ever thought that they were 'born too late to a world that doesnt care'. Viva la revolution!

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Dave Zirin is the author of the book: "Welcome to the Terrordome: The Pain, Politics and Promise of Sports" (Haymarket). You can receive his column Edge of Sports, every week by going to dave@edgeofsports.com.
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